Abstract：While economic globalization has suffered from the impact of the epidemic of Corona-virus, and the manufacturing value chain has been severely affected, the development of China's cultural and creative industries has been accelerating, driven by the emergence of digital technology and the domestic market. Using a sample of 347 cultural and creative enterprises listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen as of the third quarter of 2020, and their foreign investments in 7, 828 companies, this paper employs spatial and social network analysis to carve out the characteristics of four major functional division of city networks in the value chain; the level of specialization in each city is measured. The study found that: Firstly, the value chain of China's cultural and creative industries is complete, and the domestic circulation pattern is basically complete. Among them, the production and production network is the smallest and the least connected; The nodes of these two types of functional networks are mostly prefecture-level cities with relatively low costs. The research and development, wholesale and retail networks are in the middle of the scale, and strong connections mostly occur between economically developed first-tier cities. Secondly, the spatial distribution of the four types of functional cities is distinctive: the research and development cities represented by Beijing and Tianjin, Wuhan, Chengdu and other national central cities are few in number and spatially dispersed. The production cities represented by Jinhua, Taizhou, Shaoxing, Wuxi and Nanjing are highly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta. The wholesale and retail cities represented by Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Xiamen and Fuzhou are mainly clustered in the southeast coast, mainly in the Pearl River Delta and the Minnan Delta. The number of operational service cities is large and relatively evenly distributed, basically fitting the "Hu Huanyong Line" throughout the east-central cities and a few western provincial capitals.
王妍妍, 文嫮. 基于功能分工网络的文创产业城市专业化格局研究[J]. 人文地理, 2024, 39(6): 98-109.
WANG Yan-yan, WEN Hu. A STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONAL DIVISION NETWORKS AND URBAN SPECIALIZATION LANDSCAPE OF CHINA'S CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2024, 39(6): 98-109.
国家统计局. 国家统计局解读2022年全国规模以上文化及相关产业企业营业收入数据[EB/OL]. (2023-01-30) [2023-05-25]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2023-01/30/content_5739156.htm. [National Statistics Bureau. National Statistics Bureau interpretation of business revenue data of national enterprises of culture and related industries above scale in 2022[EB/OL]. (2023-01-30) [2023-05-25]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2023-01/30/content_5739156.htm.]
[2]
盛科荣, 王丽萍, 孙威.中国城市价值链功能分工及其影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(12):2763-2778. [Sheng Kerong, Wang Liping, Sun Wei. Patterns and determinants of functional division of cities across product value chain in China[J]. Geographical Research, 2020, 39(12): 2763-2778.]
[3]
Defever F. Functional fragmentation and the location of multinational firms in the enlarged Europe[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2006, 36(5):658-677.
[4]
Duranton G, Puga D. From sectoral to functional urban specialization[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2005, 57(2):343-370.
[5]
Brunelle C. The growing economic specialization of cities: Disentangling industrial and functional dimensions in the Canadian urban system, 1971—2006[J]. Growth and Change, 2013, 44(3):443-473.
[6]
Audretsch D, Falck O, Heblich S. Whos got the aces up his sleeve? Functional specialization of cities and entrepreneurship[J]. The Annals of Regional Science, 2011, 46(3):621-636.
[7]
贺灿飞, 肖晓俊, 邹沛思. 中国城市正在向功能专业化转型吗？ ——基于跨国公司区位战略的透视[J]. 城市发展研究, 2012, 19(3): 20-29. [He Canfei, Xiao Xiaojun, Zou Peisi. Towards functional specialization of Chinese cities?: A perspective of locational strategy of multinational corporations in China[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2012, 19(3):20-29.]
[8]
凌慧.城市功能专业化分工与经济增长[D]. 广州:暨南大学, 2021: 39-41. [ Ling Hui. Specialization of Urban Functions and Economic Growth[D]. Guangzhou: Jinan University, 2021:39-41.]
[9]
陈伟, 修春亮.新时期城市群理论内涵的再认知[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021, 40(5):848-857. [Chen Wei, Xiu Chunliang. A rethinking of the theoretical connotation of megaregion in the new era[J]. Progress in Geography, 2021, 40(5):848-857.]
[10]
Bade J, Laaser F, Soltwedel R. Urban specialization in the internet age: Empirical findings for Germany[Z]. Kiel Working Papers, 2004. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/3423/1/kap1215.pdf.
[11]
王艺晓, 孙斌栋, 张婷麟.中国城市群城市生产性服务功能与地理距离：网络外部性的视角[J]. 地理研究, 2022, 41(9):2418-2432. [Wang Yixiao, Sun Bindong, Zhang Tinglin. Urban producer service functions and geographical distance in Chinese city clusters: A perspective from network externalities[J]. Geographical Research, 2022, 41(9):2418-2432.]
[12]
苏红键, 赵坚.产业专业化、职能专业化与城市经济增长——基于中国地级单位面板数据的研究[J]. 中国工业经济, 2011(4):25-34. [Su Hongjian, Zhao Jian. Sectoral Specialization, functional specialization and growth in cities: Evidences from panel data on China's prefecturelevel city[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2011(4):25-34.]
[13]
赵勇, 白永秀.中国城市群功能分工测度与分析[J]. 中国工业经济, 2012(11):18-30. [Zhao Yong, Bai Yongxiu. Measuring and analyzing the functional specialization of Chinese urban agglomeration [J]. China Industrial Economics, 2012(11):18-30.]
[14]
金田林, 李江龙, 李天炀.北京都市圈空间功能分工的分布特征与演进趋势[J]. 商业经济研究, 2020(9):154-158. [Jin Tianlin, Li Jianglong, Li Tianyang. Distribution characteristics and evolution trend of spatial function division in Beijing metropolitan area[J]. Journal of Commercial Economics, 2020(9):154-158.]
[15]
王成, 王茂军, 柴箐. 城市网络地位与网络权力的关系：以中国汽车零部件交易链接网络为例[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(12):1953-1972.[Wang Cheng, Wang Maojun, Chai Qing.The relationship between centrality and power in the city network[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(12):1953-1972.]
[16]
赵新正, 李秋平, 芮旸, 等.基于财富500强中国企业网络的城市网络空间联系特征[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(4):694-709. [Zhao Xinzheng, Li Qiuping, Rui Yang, et al. The characteristics of urban network of China:A study based on the Chinese companies in the Fortune Global 500 list[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(4):694-709.]
[17]
盛科荣, 张红霞, 赵超越. 中国城市网络关联格局的影响因素分析：基于电子信息企业网络的视角[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(5): 1030-1044. [Sheng Kerong, Zhang Hongxia, Zhao Chaoyue. Determinants of the urban spatial network in China: An analysis through the lens of corporate networks within electronic information industry[J]. Geographical Research, 2019, 38(5):1030-1044.]
[18]
文嫮, 张强国, 粟旭.互联网影响下的“网剧”与传统“台剧”生产网络的结构差异[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(6): 1329-1342. [Wen Hu, Zhang Qiangguo, Su Xu. The structure differences between the production network of traditional television drama and internet drama influenced by the internet[J]. Geographical Research, 2020, 39(6): 1329-1342.]
[19]
刘海洋, 王录仓, 李骞国, 等.基于腾讯人口迁徙大数据的黄河流域城市联系网络格局[J]. 经济地理, 2020, 40(4):28-37. [Liu Haiyang, Wang Lucang, Li Qianguo, et al. Spatial and temporal patterns of city connection networks in the Yellow River basin based on Tencent's big data of population migration[J]. Economic Geography, 2020, 40(4):28-37.]
[20]
刘望保, 韩茂凡, 谢智豪.全球航线数据下世界城市网络的连接性特征与社团识别[J]. 经济地理, 2020, 40(1):34-40, 49. [Liu Wangbao, Han Maofan, Xie Zhihao. Connectivity characteristics and communities identification of world city network based on global airline[J]. Economic Geography, 2020, 40(1):34-40, 49.]
[21]
文嫮, 张强国, 粟旭.基于中国电影产业价值链分工联系的城市网络研究[J]. 人文地理, 2019, 34(2):97-104. [Wen Hu, Zhang Qiangguo, Su Xu. Study on the city network based on value chain division of Chinese film industry[J]. Human Geography, 2019, 34(2):97-104.]
[22]
宁越敏, 武前波.企业的空间组织和城市—区域发展[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2011:93-110. [Ning Yuemin, Wu Qianbo. Spatial Organization of Enterprise and Development of City-region[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2011:93-110.]
[23]
王逸飞, 张维阳.中国城市链接国内国际双循环的职能分异：基于中资企业海内外扩展的视角[J]. 地理研究, 2022, 41(9):2448-2464. [Wang Yifei, Zhang Weiyang. Functional differentiation of Chinese cities participating in the dual circulation: Chinese companies' global expansion perspective[J]. Geographical Research, 2022, 41(9):2448-2464.
[24]
Young A. Increasing returns and economic progress[J]. The Economic Journal, 1928, 38(15):527-542.
[25]
潘玉香, 孟晓咪, 赵梦琳.文化创意企业融资约束对投资效率影响的研究[J]. 中国软科学, 2016(8): 127-136. [Pan Yuxiang, Meng Xiaomi, Zhao Menglin. The research of the effect of financing constraints on investment efficiency of cultural creative enterprise[J]. China Soft Science, 2016(8):127-136.]
[26]
王妍妍. 中国文化创意产业功能分工的城市网络格局及影响因素研究[D]. 长沙:湖南大学, 2022:69-72. [Wang Yanyan. The Research on Urban Network Structure and Influencing Factors of Functional Division of Cultural and Creative Industries in China [D]. Changsha: Hunan University, 2022:69-72.]
[27]
刘军. 整体网分析讲义——Ucinet软件应用[M]. 上海:上海人民出版社, 2009: 23-32. [Liu Jun. Lectures on Whole Network Approach: A Pratctical Guide to UCINET[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2009:23-32.]
[28]
腾讯网. 蝶变正在发生—深圳文化产业通往星辰大海[EB/OL]. (2022-11-30)[2023-06-23]. https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20221103A0206000. [Tencent. Butterfly change is happening-Shenzhen cultural industry leads to the starry sea[EB/OL]. (2022-11-03)[2023-06-23]. https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20221103A0206000.]
[29]
曾春水, 林明水, 湛东升, 等.城市职能特征及其形成机理研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021, 40(11):1956-1969. [Zeng Chunshui, Lin Mingshui, Zhan Dongsheng, et al. A review of research on the characteristics and formation mechanism of urban functions [J]. Progress in Geography, 2021, 40(11):1956-1969.]
[30]
周一星, 孙则昕.再论中国城市的职能分类[J]. 地理研究, 1997, 16(1): 11-22. [Zhou Yixing, Sun Zexing. Re-discussion on China's urban function classification [J]. Geographical Research, 1997, 16(1):11-22.]
[31]
盛科荣, 张红霞, 佀丹丹.基于企业网络视角的城市网络研究进展与展望[J]. 人文地理, 2018, 33(2):11-17. [Sheng Kerong, Zhang Hongxia, Jie Dandan. Progress and prospect of urban network research through the lens of corporate networks[J]. Human Geography, 2018, 33(2):11-17.]
[32]
关皓明, 张雪莹, 浩飞龙, 等. 基于电影产业链分工的城市跨尺度网络功能分化及关联效应演变[J]. 地理学报, 2023, 78(10):2425-2442. [Guang Haoming, Zhang Xueying, Hao Feilong, et al. Evolution of urban cross-scale network function differentiation and correlation effect based on division of film industry chain[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2023, 78(10):2425-2442.]
[33]
曾春水, 林明水, 湛东升, 等. 城市职能特征及其形成机理研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021, 40(11):1956-1969. [Zeng Chunshui, Lin Mingshui, Zhan Dongsheng, et al. A review of research on the characteristics and formation mechanism of urban functions [J]. Progress in Geography, 2021, 40(11):1956-1969.]
Rozenblat C. Opening the black box of agglomeration economies for measuring cities' competitiveness through international firm networks[J]. Urban Studies, 2010, 47(13):2841-2865.
[37]
王志勇, 叶祥松, 林仲豪.城市功能对经济增长影响的空间计量分析——以珠三角城市群为例[J]. 人文地理, 2021, 36(1):94-103. [Wang Zhiyong, Ye Xiangsong, Lin Zhonghao. The impact of urban function on economic growth from a spatial econometrics perspective: A case of PRD urban agglomerations[J]. Human Geography, 2021, 36(1):94-103.]
